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Cation-Vacancy Induced Compressive Strain Localization in RuO2 Catalyst for High-Performance Acidic Oxygen Evolution.

Tianrui Xue1, Zhongliang Liu1, Yiting Song1

  • 1Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|February 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) catalysts with cation vacancies exhibit enhanced stability and activity for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs). This strain engineering approach offers a promising, iridium-free alternative for efficient water splitting.

Keywords:
Acidic oxygen evolution reactionCation vacancyCompressive strainProton exchange membrane water electrolysisRuO2 catalyst

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) require highly active and stable catalysts to overcome the activity-stability trade-off.
  • Ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) is a key catalyst, but its performance is limited by stability issues in acidic media.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design acid-stable RuO2 catalysts by employing cation-vacancy engineering.
  • To improve the activity and durability of RuO2 for oxygen evolution reactions (OER) in PEMWEs.

Main Methods:

  • Introduced cation-vacancy engineering by electrochemically leaching cadmium (Cd) from a pre-doped RuO2 lattice.
  • Generated localized compressive strain in RuO2, altering Ru valence and Ru-O bond strength.
  • Performed multiscale analyses to understand the effect of strain on catalytic properties.

Main Results:

  • The V_Cd-RuO2 catalyst achieved a low overpotential (203 mV at 10 mA cm-2) and exceptional stability (>600 h at 200 mA cm-2) in 0.1 M HClO4.
  • PEMWEs utilizing V_Cd-RuO2 demonstrated significantly lower cell voltages (120-180 mV improvement) compared to commercial RuO2 at high current densities.
  • Compressive strain was confirmed to stabilize high-valence Ru sites, enhancing catalytic activity and durability.

Conclusions:

  • Vacancy-driven strain engineering is an effective strategy for developing robust, high-performance, iridium-free OER electrocatalysts.
  • The V_Cd-RuO2 catalyst offers a significant advancement for efficient and durable PEMWE operation.
  • This approach provides a universal method for designing stable catalysts for electrochemical applications.