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Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
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The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which...
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Signalling pathways regulated by FSTL1 in inflammation and potential therapeutic applications (Review).

Changliang Ma1, Jingxin Li1, Wenting Jiang2

  • 1Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Medical Innovation Technology Transformation Centre of Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China.

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Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) regulates cell functions, impacting inflammation, senescence, and tumor growth. Understanding FSTL1 mechanisms offers new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for diseases.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) is a secreted glycoprotein involved in diverse biological processes.
  • FSTL1 exhibits both autocrine and paracrine functions, influencing cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and migration.
  • FSTL1 plays a role in modulating immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms of FSTL1 in inflammation, cellular senescence, and tumor progression.
  • To explore FSTL1's context-dependent regulatory effects on pathological conditions.
  • To highlight FSTL1 as a potential target for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on FSTL1.
  • Analysis of FSTL1's modulation of key signaling pathways (e.g., TGF-β, NF-κB, MAPK).
  • Examination of FSTL1 expression in pathological conditions like osteoarthritis.

Main Results:

  • FSTL1 influences inflammation, cellular senescence, and tumor progression through various signaling pathways.
  • FSTL1 expression is elevated in inflammatory tissues of osteoarthritis patients.
  • FSTL1 contributes to nucleus pulposus cell inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • FSTL1's unique structure and broad expression make it crucial for understanding inflammation, senescence, and tumorigenesis.
  • FSTL1 presents potential as a target for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
  • Further research into FSTL1 mechanisms could lead to advancements in disease management.