Multifunctional OEO-ZIF-8-HA Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Control on Latex Surfaces and Baby Arugula (Eruca...

Persistent contamination of food-contact surfaces and leafy greens by Listeria monocytogenes continues to challenge fresh-produce safety, particularly as the industry seeks effective alternatives to chlorine-based sanitizers. To address this need, this study developed and evaluated multifunctional antimicrobial nanocomposites composed of oregano essential oil (OEO), hyaluronic acid (HA), and metal-doped (Ag and Fe) zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8). Three formulations, OEO-Ag-ZIF-8-HA, OEO-Fe-ZIF-8-HA, and OEO-HA, were synthesized and assessed for their antimicrobial performance on latex food-contact surfaces and a common leafy green found in ready-to-eat salads, baby arugula (Eruca sativa) leaves. OEO-Ag-ZIF-8-HA demonstrated the strongest antibacterial activity, achieving >5-log reductions on latex surfaces and 3.39-log CFU/g reductions in 15 min on arugula, surpassing the efficacy of a 200-ppm chlorine control. Cytotoxicity testing indicated low cytotoxicity under the tested conditions (>85% cell viability), with the metal-free OEO-HA formulation showing the most favorable response at concentrations below 500 µg/mL. Quality evaluations further confirmed that the treated arugula retained color, freshness, and firmness during five days of storage at 21°C. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of OEO-based, HA-functionalized, and metal-doped ZIF-8 nanocomposites as promising chlorine-free antimicrobial candidates for improving the sanitation of food-contact surfaces and enhancing the microbial safety of leafy greens. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The developed nanocomposites offer a safe, chlorine-free antimicrobial alternative for controlling Listeria monocytogenes and other pathogens on food-contact surfaces and fresh produce such as baby arugula (Eruca sativa) leaves.