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This study developed a tunable silk fibroin sponge for controlled, two-phase release of bioactive cargo. The material successfully modulated immune cell polarization, showing promise for regenerative medicine applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Immunomodulation

Background:

  • Silk fibroin biomaterials offer mechanical support and bioactive cargo delivery for regenerative medicine.
  • Fibroin can be fabricated into various forms, including sponges and microparticles, for diverse applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a dual-component silk fibroin system (particle-laden sponges) for two-phase controlled release.
  • To assess the impact of released cytokines on RAW 264.7 macrophage polarization.

Main Methods:

  • Silk fibroin microparticles (SFMPs) were integrated into fibroin sponges.
  • Material morphology and crystallinity were characterized (SEM, FTIR).
  • Cytokine release was analyzed (ELISA), and RAW 264.7 cell polarization was assessed (RT-qPCR).

Main Results:

  • Formulation and annealing temperature influenced sponge morphology and crystallinity.
  • Sponges exhibited multiphase release, with structural breakdown preceding SFMP degradation.
  • RAW 264.7 cells demonstrated an M1 to M2 polarization switch correlating with release kinetics.

Conclusions:

  • The dual-component silk fibroin sponge is tunable and acts as a multiphase controlled release platform.
  • This system shows potential for modulating immune interactions in future in vivo studies.