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Neuropixels probes, originally for animals, are now safely used in human brain surgery. This technology allows high-resolution neural recordings from multiple brain areas simultaneously during operations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurosurgery
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Neuropixels probes revolutionized neuroscience by enabling high-density, single-cell resolution recordings in animal models.
  • The Neuropixels 1.0 NHP Long probe extended this capability to non-human primates, accessing multiple cortical layers and deep brain structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first intraoperative use of Neuropixels probes in humans.
  • To establish the safety and feasibility of these probes for clinical and research applications in neurosurgery.

Main Methods:

  • Nine patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures (epilepsy/tumor resection, DBS implantation) were enrolled.
  • Neuropixels 1.0 NHP Long probes were deployed intraoperatively for neural recordings.
  • Custom tools and refined workflows were developed to facilitate operative use and improve recording stability.

Main Results:

  • Successful intraoperative recordings were obtained from human surface and deep cortical structures without adverse events or probe breakage.
  • The Neuropixels probe enabled dense sampling across multiple depths with submillisecond temporal resolution, surpassing conventional electrodes.
  • Recordings captured neural activity from deep targets (hippocampus, cingulate cortex) and challenging regions (superior frontal sulcus) at single-neuron resolution.

Conclusions:

  • Neuropixels 1.0-NHP Long probes are safely deployable in the human operating room for simultaneous, high-resolution neural recordings.
  • This technology significantly expands opportunities for in vivo study of human brain function and pathology.
  • The findings may support the development of more precise neurosurgical interventions.