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Diet culture mindset and meat restriction: A mixed methods mediation analysis
Marina F Jiao1, Saadatu Abdul-Rahaman2,3, Michelle Leonetti2
1Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
The Journal of Climate Change and Health
|February 6, 2026
Summary
Reducing meat intake is linked to diet culture, where health motivations fully and weight motivations partially mediate this relationship. Plant-based diets may negatively impact food relationships if framed by restriction.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Psychology
- Environmental Health
Background:
- Plant-based diets are encouraged for health and environmental benefits.
- Diet culture often equates thinness with health, potentially influencing dietary choices.
- The intersection of diet culture beliefs with meat limitation is understudied.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the relationship between diet culture beliefs and meat limitation.
- To investigate the mediating role of dietary motivations (health and weight) in this relationship.
Main Methods:
- Mixed-methods study combining a national U.S. survey (n=2,750 rural adults) and qualitative interviews (n=28 Vermont adults limiting meat).
- Survey data analyzed using mediation models.
- Interview transcripts thematically coded for diet culture beliefs and perceptions of plant-based eating.
Main Results:
- Food moralization was closely associated with meat limitation.
- Health motivations fully mediated the link between diet culture beliefs and meat limitation.
- Weight motivations partially mediated this relationship; anti-fat beliefs were not significantly related.
Conclusions:
- Dietary motivations, particularly for health and weight loss, play a significant role in meat limitation.
- While beneficial, framing plant-based diets around restriction may harm individuals' relationships with food.
- Further research with diverse populations is needed to understand these complex dynamics.
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