Recent progress in the preparation and environmental applications of functionalized adsorbent hydrogel: a review

This review highlights recent advancements in the preparation and environmental applications of functionalized adsorbent hydrogels, with a focus on their role in addressing global water pollution and scarcity. Hydrogels, with their unique three-dimensional crosslinked structures and exceptional water retention capabilities, have emerged as versatile materials for water purification. The review encompasses various synthesis methods, including chemical cross-linking and radiation-induced polymerization, and examines their mechanisms for pollutant removal, including adsorption, ion exchange, electrostatic interactions, and photocatalytic degradation. Additionally, integrating nanomaterials into hydrogels enhances their mechanical properties and contaminant-removal efficiency. The review also discusses innovative applications, including solar-driven water remediation, microbial inactivation, and simultaneous water and power generation. These advancements position hydrogels as sustainable and efficient solutions for global water security challenges.