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Related Concept Videos

Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

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Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
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Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

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Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses
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Ribosomal Protein bL27 Protects Translating Ribosomes from tmRNA-SmpB.

Divyasorubini Seerpatham1, George Wanes2,3, Chathuri Pathirage4

  • 1Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|February 6, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacterial ribosomal protein bL27 unexpectedly prevents the ribosome rescue mechanism, trans-translation, from halting protein synthesis. Its absence severely impacts bacterial viability by disrupting this crucial process.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • The function of bacterial ribosomal protein bL27, essential for translation, is not fully understood.
  • bL27's amino terminus is positioned near the peptidyl transfer center, suggesting a role in ribosome function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of bacterial ribosomal protein bL27 in protein synthesis.
  • To investigate the interaction between bL27 and the trans-translation pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Genetics and biochemistry were employed to study bL27 function.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations were used to analyze bL27-tmRNA interactions on the ribosome.

Main Results:

  • Deletion of the bL27 gene resulted in a 10,000-fold decrease in bacterial viability.
  • The viability defect was partially rescued by deleting the tmRNA gene, a key component of trans-translation.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations showed bL27 can impede tmRNA movement on the ribosome.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial ribosomal protein bL27 plays a critical role in preventing trans-translation from interfering with protein synthesis.
  • The amino terminus of bL27 acts as a gatekeeper, inhibiting tmRNA from sterically hindering tRNA binding during translation.