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Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway02:54

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

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The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which...
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Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
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Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Using Confocal Analysis of Xenopus laevis to Investigate Modulators of Wnt and Shh Morphogen Gradients
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MicroRNA Networks Driving Skeletal Aging and WNT Pathway Modulation.

David Achudhan, David Monroe, Mrunal K Dehankar

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    |February 6, 2026
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Cellular senescence drives skeletal aging. This study identified key microRNAs (miRs) involved in aging bone, including miR-183-5p regulating the WNT pathway and miR-155-5p impacting senescence. A Sclerostin antibody modulated these miRs.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biogerontology
    • Skeletal Biology
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Cellular senescence is a significant factor in skeletal aging, observed in both normal aging and accelerated conditions like radiotherapy.
    • Osteocytes, crucial bone cells, play a role in skeletal aging due to their longevity and abundance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify common differentially regulated microRNAs (miRs) associated with skeletal aging across physiological and radiation-induced contexts.
    • To investigate the role of specific miRs, including miR-183-5p (WNT pathway) and miR-155-5p (SASP), in skeletal aging.
    • To explore the effects of a Sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) on miR regulation and WNT pathway activity in aging bone.

    Main Methods:

    • MicroRNA (miR) sequencing was performed on young vs. old mouse femurs, focally radiated vs. non-radiated femurs, and young vs. old osteocytes.
    • A neutralizing antibody to Sclerostin (Scl-Ab) was used to assess WNT pathway and senescence-related gene expression.
    • miR sequencing was conducted on radiated bones from Scl-Ab treated mice.

    Main Results:

    • miR-135a-5p and miR-671-5p were commonly downregulated in aging bone models.
    • miR-183-5p was the sole commonly upregulated miR, regulating the WNT pathway.
    • miR-155-5p, linked to the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP), was elevated in two conditions.
    • Scl-Ab treatment downregulated miR-133a-3p, which is upregulated in radiation-induced skeletal aging.

    Conclusions:

    • Specific miRs, such as miR-183-5p and miR-155-5p, are key regulators of skeletal aging.
    • Modulation of the WNT pathway using Scl-Ab influences miR expression and may impact skeletal aging.
    • The study identifies potential therapeutic targets for mitigating skeletal aging and its associated pathologies.