Navigating the storm: Ethical consideration to climate justice and sustainable health equity in Africa

Africa bears a disproportionate burden of climate change, despite contributing minimally to global greenhouse gas emissions. This article explores the ethical imperatives of addressing climate-induced health disparities in Africa, particularly through the lens of climate justice and the African philosophy of ubuntu. In Sub-Saharan Africa, approximately 700 million people live on less than $2.15 per day, falling below the extreme poverty line. Low-income communities disproportionately suffer from the negative impacts of climate change. These populations face a multifaceted crisis that requires clear, ethical, and specific solutions tailored to their unique needs. Drawing on theories of distributive, corrective, and participatory justice-as well as Rawlsian and utilitarian ethics-the paper critiques current global mitigation and adaptation strategies for their failure to adequately support African priorities. It further advances the case for integrating grassroots participation, community-based solutions, and inclusive governance. By prioritizing health equity, environmental justice, and ethical policymaking, the article proposes practical recommendations that align short-term needs with long-term sustainability. This article charts a pathway toward just and inclusive climate policies by arguing for a transformative response rooted in justice, solidarity, and African agency-prioritizing the needs of the most affected while fostering resilience and sustainability for future generations.