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Impact of Various Inactivation Approaches on Surrogate Proteinaceous Particles for Sample Return Missions.

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Returning Mars samples requires robust sterilization. Yeast prions, robust biological agents, were tested against sterilization methods. Ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation showed promise for planetary mission sterilization.

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Biological indicator—Dry heat—Gamma and UV irradiation—Vapor hydrogen peroxide—Plasma—Prion

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Area of Science:

  • Planetary Science
  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Sample return missions from Mars are a priority for planetary science.
  • Sterilization techniques are crucial to prevent Earth's biosphere contamination from potential extraterrestrial life.
  • Prions, self-seeding proteinaceous particles, are among the most robust biological agents on Earth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of various sterilization techniques against prion activity.
  • To identify robust biological indicators for planetary protection protocols.
  • To assess the potential of ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation for in-flight sterilization.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized yeast prion protein derivatives (Sup35 and Ure2) as biological indicators.
  • Exposed prions to various sterilization methods including dry heat, vapor hydrogen peroxide, gamma irradiation, and plasma.
  • Investigated the impact of ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation at 260-270 nm on prion detection and biological activity.

Main Results:

  • Prolonged dry heat (200°C), vapor hydrogen peroxide, gamma irradiation (100 kGy), and He/water plasma did not eliminate yeast prion activity.
  • Ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation (260-270 nm) for 16-24 days eliminated Ure2 prion detection and activity.
  • Extended UVC irradiation eliminated Sup35 prion detection and reduced, but did not eliminate, its biological activity.

Conclusions:

  • Standard sterilization methods are insufficient to inactivate robust biological agents like yeast prions.
  • Ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation demonstrates potential as a critical component for in-flight sterilization in planetary missions.
  • Further research into UVC parameters is warranted for effective planetary protection during sample return missions.