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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Unveiling Resting-State Functional Connectivity Patterns in Patients With Migraine: A REFORM Study.

Roberta Messina^1,2,3, Rune Hackert Christensen^1,4,5, Håkan Ashina^1,5

¹Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Denmark.

|February 6, 2026

Summary

Resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) alterations in the middle cingulate cortex and occipital regions are specific to migraine. These findings suggest altered cingulate-occipital rs-FC may be a potential biomarker for migraine.

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Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

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Published on: June 2, 2014

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Published on: May 27, 2020

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Published on: August 11, 2021

Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Neuroscience
Medical Research

Background:

Previous fMRI studies on migraine have limitations including small sample sizes and suboptimal statistical methods.
A large, well-characterized sample is needed to distinguish migraine-specific neurobiological changes from those related to subtypes.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) alterations specific to migraine compared to healthy controls.
To investigate whether these rs-FC alterations differ across migraine subtypes.

Main Methods:

264 adults with migraine and 151 healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI).
Multi-voxel pattern and seed-based analyses were used to compare rs-FC between groups.
Statistical analyses included general linear models and ANCOVA with Bonferroni correction (p<0.001).

Main Results:

Significant rs-FC differences were found in the bilateral middle cingulate cortex when comparing migraineurs to HCs.
Migraineurs showed increased rs-FC between the middle cingulate cortex and occipital regions compared to HCs.
These cingulate-occipital rs-FC alterations were consistent across migraine subtypes.

Conclusions:

Altered rs-FC between the middle cingulate cortex and occipital regions may be a migraine-specific trait.
This suggests an integration of nociceptive and visual processing in migraine.
Altered cingulate-occipital rs-FC could serve as a potential biomarker for migraine.