Lung transplant evaluation-complications on a timeline

Lung transplantation is an important therapeutic option for patients with end-stage lung disease, significantly improving survival and quality of life. Advances in surgical techniques and posttransplant care have contributed to improved outcomes. However, lung transplantation is associated with a range of complications that occur at different stages postoperatively. This article reviews the key indications for lung transplantation, common surgical techniques, and a major focus is placed on the complications that arise posttransplant, categorised by their timing: immediate, early, intermediate, and late. Radiologists play a pivotal role in identifying these complications, such as pulmonary torsion, primary graft dysfunction, infections, and chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Early recognition and intervention based on imaging findings are essential for improving patient outcomes and extending graft longevity. Understanding the imaging features and clinical manifestations of these complications is crucial in the multidisciplinary management of lung transplant recipients.