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Single-pulse TMS functional mapping of sensorimotor cortex during decision-making task.

Anna Udoratina1,2, Nikita Grigorev1, Andrey Savosenkov2

  • 1Center for Cognition and Decision making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation.

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|February 7, 2026
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Summary

Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (spTMS) revealed distinct roles for sensorimotor cortex regions in perceptual decision-making. Premotor cortex stimulation sped up motor preparation, while primary motor and somatosensory cortex stimulation had complex effects on decision processes.

Keywords:
Perceptual decision-makingdrift diffusion modelfunctional mappingreaction timesensorimotor cortextranscranial magnetic stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Perceptual decision-making comprises sensory encoding, decision formation, and motor execution.
  • Understanding cortical contributions to these sub-processes is crucial for cognitive function and treating impairments.
  • Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (spTMS) combined with the drift diffusion model (DDM) offers a method to investigate these specific contributions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct roles of sensorimotor cortical regions in perceptual decision-making sub-processes.
  • To characterize how spTMS applied to specific cortical areas affects reaction time and its underlying components.

Main Methods:

  • 30 healthy participants performed a visual perceptual decision-making task with right-hand responses.
  • Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (spTMS) was applied to sensorimotor cortex at 200 ms and 800 ms post-stimulus onset.
  • Behavioral data were analyzed using the drift diffusion model (DDM) to quantify effects on non-decision time (NDT) and evidence accumulation time (EAT).

Main Results:

  • Stimulation of the dorsal caudal premotor cortex (PMdc) selectively decreased non-decision time (NDT), shortening reaction time (RT) and indicating a role in motor preparation.
  • Stimulation of primary motor cortex (M1) and primary somatosensory cortex (S1) decreased NDT but increased evidence accumulation time (EAT), resulting in no net change in RT.
  • Region-specific effects highlight differential involvement of cortical areas in decision-making components.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully dissected distinct cortical contributions to perceptual decision-making sub-processes using spTMS and DDM.
  • PMdc plays a key role in motor preparation (reducing NDT).
  • M1 and S1 exhibit complex modulatory effects influencing both motor preparation and evidence accumulation.