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Published on: October 30, 2018
Saponins from cactus and their inhibitory effects on amyloid β aggregation
Koji Fujihara1, Hiroaki Sasaki1, Shin Koike2
1Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan.
Abstract:
Seven new saponins (1-7) isolated from Stenocereus eruca (Cactaceae) and four new saponins (8-11) isolated from Polaskia chichipe (Cactaceae) are described. Their structures were elucidated using high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis including 1H and 13C NMR, DEPT, HMQC, HMBC, H2BC, DQF-COSY, HSQC-TOCSY, phase sensitive TOCSY, 1D-TOCSY, phase sensitive NOESY, and ROESY experiments. One saponin required J-resolved spectroscopy experiments due to its complex 1H NMR spectrum. The inhibitory activity of Aβ aggregation, and protective effects on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells against Aβ toxicity, were evaluated. Only 7 showed weak inhibitory activity of Aβ aggregation at 100 µM compared to the control group. No compounds showed obvious protective effects, but 8 possessed a very weak protective effect on SH-SY5Y cells. The acetylation of the C-16, C-22, and C-30 hydroxyl groups could be important for inhibitory activity of Aβ aggregation and protective effects on SH-SY5Y cells against Aβ toxicity.
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