Next-generation dynamic and combinatorial nanotherapies for liver cancer: mechanisms, current advances and future...

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Nanomedicine
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Liver cancer presents significant challenges due to aggressive invasion, a unique tumor microenvironment (TME), and treatment resistance.
• The fibrotic extracellular matrix (ECM) in the TME impedes effective drug delivery, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the therapeutic mechanisms and potential of emerging nanomedicines in dynamic therapies for liver cancer.
• To explore individual modalities like sonodynamic therapy (SDT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and chemodynamic therapy (CDT), as well as combinatorial strategies.
• To discuss next-generation modalities such as piezodynamic therapy (PZDT), microwave dynamic therapy (MWDT), and magnetodynamic therapy (MDT).

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive review of preclinical evidence for various dynamic therapy modalities.
• Analysis of therapeutic mechanisms, including chemical and biological effects.
• Evaluation of emerging nanomedicine applications in conjunction with physical stimuli.

Main Results:

• Dynamic therapies utilizing stimuli like ultrasound, light, and magnetic fields show promise in creating localized therapeutic effects.
• Emerging nanomedicines integrated with these dynamic therapies demonstrate significant therapeutic potential in preclinical studies.
• Combinatorial dynamic strategies and next-generation therapies like PZDT, MWDT, and MDT offer enhanced therapeutic perspectives.

Conclusions:

• Dynamic therapies employing nanomedicines hold remarkable potential for liver cancer treatment and clinical translation.
• Challenges in controlling physical stimulation and ensuring nanoparticle biocompatibility require further innovation.
• Continued advancements in medicine and chemistry are crucial for developing clinically viable dynamic strategies for liver oncology.