Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

In Vitro Rearing of Solitary Bees: A Tool for Assessing Larval Risk Factors
08:50

In Vitro Rearing of Solitary Bees: A Tool for Assessing Larval Risk Factors

Published on: July 16, 2018

8.7K

Risk Factors Associated with Secondary Measles Transmission in Index Cases

Yuki Takahashi1, Hideo Tanaka2, Toshiyuki Shibata1

  • 1Health and Medical General Affairs Division, Osaka Prefectural Government.

Journal of Epidemiology
|February 8, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Measles vaccination significantly reduces secondary transmission risk. Index cases with one or more vaccine doses, and those without classic measles symptoms, had a substantially lower risk of infecting close contacts.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Disease Control
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Quantitative assessment of factors influencing secondary transmission in measles index cases is limited.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for effective outbreak control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively assess factors associated with the risk of secondary transmission from measles index cases.
  • To evaluate the impact of vaccination status and symptom presentation on measles spread.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of measles index cases and their close contacts in Osaka Prefecture (Nov 2018-Mar 2019).
  • Calculation of secondary attack rates (SARs) stratified by index case characteristics.
  • Multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for secondary transmission.

Main Results:

  • 105 index cases and 9,846 contacts yielded 72 secondary cases.
  • Increased measles vaccination in index cases showed a significant negative association with secondary infection risk (p < 0.01).
  • Index cases lacking all three classic measles symptoms had a significantly lower risk of transmission (aOR: 0.12).

Conclusions:

  • Measles vaccination demonstrates a significant indirect protective effect, reducing secondary transmission.
  • Findings support strengthening vaccination policies to enhance public health protection against measles.

More Related Videos

Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies10:11

Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies

Published on: October 22, 2014

19.7K
Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

88.0K

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
13.7K
Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
138.1K
Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
9.7K
Secondary Healthcare System01:11

Secondary Healthcare System

Secondary healthcare is offered by a specialist, generally in hospitals or clinics for patients referred by primary healthcare providers. It occurs when a person has an illness or injury that requires specific medical care. Secondary care is often referred to as acute care. Secondary care can range from uncomplicated care to repair a minor laceration or treat a strep throat infection to more complicated emergent care, such as treating a head injury sustained in an automobile accident. Whatever...
2.1K
Relative Risk01:12

Relative Risk

Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
2.2K
Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots03:02

Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots

Vascular plants, which account for over 90% of the Earth’s vegetation, all undergo primary growth—which lengthens roots and shoots. Many land plants, notably woody plants, also undergo secondary growth—which thickens roots and shoots.
60.6K