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Smile shape and self-perceived smile attractiveness.

Gabriella Coppola1, Nikolaos Gkantidis2, Carlalberta Verna1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Oral Health and Orthodontics, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland.

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|February 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Smile shape influences perceived attractiveness, especially in females, where wider and taller smiles are rated higher. However, this effect diminishes when accounting for overall facial size, suggesting size plays a key role in aesthetic perception.

Keywords:
3D imaginggeometric morphometricssmile aestheticssmile attractivenesssmile shapestereophotogrammetry

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Area of Science:

  • Facial aesthetics
  • Anthropometry
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Self-perceived smile attractiveness is a key aspect of facial aesthetics.
  • Understanding the geometric determinants of smile attractiveness can inform cosmetic and orthodontic treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between three-dimensional smile shape and self-perceived attractiveness in young adults.
  • To determine if this relationship differs between males and females.

Main Methods:

  • 601 young adults had their smiles captured using 3D stereophotogrammetry.
  • Smile shape was analyzed using 62 landmarks and principal component analysis (PCA).
  • Multivariate regression models assessed the association between smile shape and self-rated attractiveness, controlling for allometric effects.

Main Results:

  • No significant association between smile shape and attractiveness was found in males.
  • In females, a significant association was observed, with wider and taller smiles perceived as more attractive.
  • After controlling for facial size (allometry), the significant association in females became non-significant, though a moderate effect persisted.

Conclusions:

  • Smile shape, particularly proportional width and height, influences perceived attractiveness in females.
  • Facial size significantly impacts the perception of smile attractiveness.
  • Sex-based differences in aesthetic self-perception and a preference for broader smiles are suggested.