Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Cardiovascular Profile of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Published on: September 27, 2024
Enhanced Exposure Risk of Penthiopyrad S-Enantiomer: Insights into the Roles of Intestinal Absorption and
Jiaxing Yang1, Shouchun Xiao1, Pengxi Li1
1Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
Abstract:
Penthiopyrad, a chiral fungicide with a riskier S-enantiomer, exhibited poorly understood stereoselective behaviors in mammals. This study investigated the enantioselective accumulation and metabolism of penthiopyrad enantiomers in mammals using in vivo, in vitro, and in silico approaches. Penthiopyrad accumulated in the liver and kidneys at concentrations over 10-fold higher than those in the blood. S-penthiopyrad showed preferential absorption with 1.6-fold higher bioavailability than the R-enantiomer. Twenty-three metabolites (12 novel) were identified, with CYP-mediated N-demethylation as the dominant pathway. S-penthiopyrad was preferentially metabolized in mouse liver microsomes with a 1.5-fold shorter half-life, while human liver microsomes favored the R-enantiomer. CYP2E1, CYP2C (mouse), and CYP3A4 (human) mediated stereoselective metabolism, with the preferential metabolism of the R-enantiomer by human CYP3A4 attributed to its low binding energy and favorable conformation. This study comprehensively clarified the stereoselective behavior and metabolic pathway of penthiopyrad in mammals, providing valuable metabolic insights for further toxicological evaluation of penthiopyrad.
More Related Videos
10:21Mechanistic Insight into the Development of TNBS-Mediated Intestinal Fibrosis and Evaluating the Inhibitory Effects of Rapamycin
Published on: September 12, 2019
07:05Fluorescence-mediated Tomography for the Detection and Quantification of Macrophage-related Murine Intestinal Inflammation
Published on: December 15, 2017
Related Concept Videos
Metabolic States of the Body: The Absorptive State
Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine
Naming Enantiomers
Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport
Facilitated diffusion is a passive process that utilizes human Solute Carrier (SLC) transporters. These transporters bind to the drug, undergo structural...
Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity