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Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation
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The Impact of Nirsevimab on Bronchiolitis-Related Hospitalizations: A Multicenter Italian Retrospective Comparative

Sergio Ghirardo1,2, Barbara Madini3, Nicola Ullmann4

  • 1Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|February 9, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Nirsevimab significantly reduced respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalizations for bronchiolitis in Italian infants by 48%. The immunoprophylaxis reshaped viral patterns, highlighting its public health benefit.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Bronchiolitis is a major cause of infant hospitalization globally.
  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the primary driver of bronchiolitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of nirsevimab immunoprophylaxis on RSV-related bronchiolitis hospitalizations in Italy.
  • To assess changes in viral epidemiology during the 2024-2025 winter season.

Main Methods:

  • Multicenter retrospective comparative study.
  • Analysis of bronchiolitis admissions across nine Italian hospitals.
  • Comparison of hospitalization data from the 2024-2025 season with the previous season.

Main Results:

  • A 48% decrease in bronchiolitis admissions was observed.
  • RSV positivity was significantly lower in nirsevimab-immunized infants (48%) compared to non-immunized (73%).
  • Fewer RSV-related coinfections and a lower intubation rate (<0.5%) were noted.

Conclusions:

  • Nirsevimab effectively reduces RSV-associated hospitalizations and alters the viral landscape of bronchiolitis.
  • A shift in pathogen prevalence, with decreased RSV and increased rhinovirus/enterovirus, was observed.
  • Widespread implementation of nirsevimab immunoprophylaxis is recommended for public health benefits.
Abstract

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