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Polymerization-Assisted Signal Enhancement and Visual Readout Techniques in Bioassays: A Mini Review.

Nayoung Son1, Subhra Sulipta Jena1, Seonki Hong1

  • 1Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.

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Summary

Polymerization strategies amplify bioassay signals by creating material-level structures, offering user-friendly visual detection. This review covers advances in polymerization chemistries and detection methods for biosensors.

Keywords:
bioassayconductive polymerscontrolled radical polymerizationenzyme-mediated polymerizationhydrogelpolymerizationrolling circle amplificationsignal amplificationvisible detection

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Conventional bioassays often use enzyme or catalyst-mediated signal amplification.
  • Polymerization reactions offer an alternative by generating macroscopic structures for signal amplification.
  • These structures include hydrogels, polymer films, and precipitates, enabling diverse detection strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in polymerization-assisted signal amplification for bioassays.
  • To categorize detection strategies based on readout mechanisms.
  • To examine various polymerization chemistries used in biosensor development.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of detection approaches: direct visual detection and integration with electronic/optical transducers.
  • Examination of polymerization reactions: enzyme-mediated hydrogelation, nucleic acid polymerization, conductive polymer formation, controlled radical polymerization.
  • Discussion of both enzyme-dependent and enzyme-free polymerization systems.

Main Results:

  • Polymerization strategies provide material-level signal amplification, moving beyond molecular product accumulation.
  • Detection can be achieved through visual inspection or advanced transducers.
  • A wide range of polymerization chemistries are applicable to biosensor development.

Conclusions:

  • Polymerization-based techniques offer versatile and sensitive platforms for biosensor development.
  • These methods enable user-friendly visual outputs and enhanced detection capabilities.
  • The field is rapidly evolving with diverse polymerization chemistries and detection strategies.