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Dissociation of Size and Distance Effect in Numerical Magnitude Comparison in Less Familiar Number Ranges.

Alexis Garsmeur1, Roxane Morand1, André Knops1

  • 1LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.

Journal of Cognition
|February 9, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Symbolic number comparisons may not rely on the approximate number system (ANS). Instead, a discrete semantic system (DSS) appears to process symbolic numerical magnitudes, distinct from non-symbolic processing.

Keywords:
approximate number systemdiscrete symbolic systeminterindividual differencesmental number linenumerical cognitionnumerosity

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Numerical Cognition
  • Human Perception

Background:

  • The approximate number system (ANS) is traditionally believed to support both symbolic and non-symbolic numerical magnitude comparison.
  • The dual system model proposes separate systems: ANS for non-symbolic and a discrete semantic system (DSS) for symbolic comparisons.
  • Investigating the relationship between size and distance effects in magnitude comparison is key to differentiating these systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test whether symbolic and non-symbolic magnitude comparisons utilize a common ANS or distinct systems (DSS).
  • To examine the correlation between size and distance effects across different numerical formats and ranges.
  • To provide evidence for or against the dual system model in numerical cognition.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted three experiments using symbolic (two-digit integers, decimals) and non-symbolic (dot patterns) magnitude comparison tasks.
  • Employed fixed and variable reference paradigms across different number ranges to increase variance.
  • Analyzed the correlation between size and distance effects at both group and individual levels.

Main Results:

  • A negative correlation between size and distance effects was observed for non-symbolic comparisons, consistent with ANS predictions.
  • Symbolic magnitude comparisons in less familiar number ranges showed uncorrelated size and distance effects, supporting the DSS hypothesis.
  • Individual-level analysis revealed correlations in a subsample, indicating potential heterogeneity in processing strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest that symbolic numerical magnitude comparison relies on a discrete semantic system (DSS), separate from the approximate number system (ANS).
  • The results challenge the notion of a single ANS mediating all numerical magnitude comparisons.
  • Further research is needed to address limitations regarding multi-digit processing, effect reliability, and external factors.