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Estimation of Plant Biomass Lignin Content using Thioglycolic Acid TGA
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Triketone-Modified Lignin and the Corresponding Biomass-Based Diketoenamine Resins: Synthesis and Properties
Nien-Hsun Wu1, Yi-Ming Sun2, Ying-Ling Liu1
1Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan.
ACS Omega
|February 9, 2026
Summary
Environmentally benign, recyclable thermosetting resins were created using lignin. Adding a lignin-triketone (OL-TK) modifier improved mechanical properties and high-temperature performance of furanic dicarboxylic acid (FDCA)-based resins without hindering recyclability.
Area of Science:
- Polymer Chemistry
- Materials Science
- Sustainable Chemistry
Background:
- Development of sustainable polymeric materials from biomass is crucial.
- Recyclable thermosetting resins offer an alternative to traditional, non-recyclable plastics.
- Lignin, a readily available biomass component, presents potential as a feedstock for advanced materials.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize and characterize novel lignin-based diketoenamine resins.
- To investigate the potential of lignin-triketone (OL-TK) as a reactive modifier for furanic dicarboxylic acid (FDCA)-based diketoenamine resins.
- To evaluate the impact of OL-TK on the mechanical properties, thermal behavior, and recyclability of the modified resins.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of lignin-triketone (OL-TK) from water-soluble lignin.
- Cross-linking of OL-TK with tris-(2-aminoethyl)-amine (TREN) to form lignin-based resins.
- Modification of FDCA-based diketoenamine resins with varying wt % of OL-TK.
- Characterization of mechanical properties, glass transition temperature (Tg), stress relaxation, and recyclability.
Main Results:
- Lignin-based diketoenamine resin exhibited a high Tg (165 °C) but showed brittleness.
- Lignin-containing FDCA-based resins displayed vitrimer characteristics, including stress relaxation and recyclability.
- Addition of 3 wt % OL-TK enhanced mechanical properties and suppressed high-temperature creep without affecting thermal properties or recyclability.
- Higher OL-TK content (7 wt %) improved mechanical properties but led to lignin aggregation and negatively impacted recycling performance.
Conclusions:
- Lignin can be effectively utilized to create recyclable thermosetting resins with tunable properties.
- OL-TK serves as a beneficial reactive modifier for FDCA-based diketoenamine resins, enhancing performance and maintaining recyclability at optimal concentrations.
- Careful control of OL-TK content is essential to balance improved material properties with effective recycling.
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