Synthesis and characterisation of bio-derived furan-based polyamides copolymers from dimethyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate

Polymers and plastics play integral roles in everyday life due to their versatility and durability. Among them, polyamides are particularly valued for their excellent properties and broad range of applications. The study explores the synthesis and characterisation of bio-derived polymers copolymers. Specifically, polyamides and copolyamides have been successfully synthesised from dimethyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate and two diamines, hexamethylene diamine and 1,10-decanediamine, by employing a new three-step method. Key findings include the successful polymerisation of polyamides and copolyamides with a molecular weight up to 26 900 g mol^-1 while demonstrating robust thermal stability, withstanding up to 403.7 °C. In addition, the mechanical properties, such as elastic modulus, of these amorphous polyamides and copolyamides were found to be comparable to commercial polyamides. Notably, the variation of molar ratios of diamines greatly influences the final properties of the polyamides and copolyamides, offering insight into customising mechanical, thermal, and physical qualities of the polymer. This research contributes significantly to the advancement of sustainable polymer solutions, positioning bio-derived polyamides as viable substitutes to mitigate reliance on fossil fuels while enhancing environmental sustainability.