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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Genome Editing in Mammalian Cell Lines using CRISPR-Cas
Published on: April 11, 2019
Advances and challenges of CRISPR/Cas gene editing for corneal diseases
Yuqi Han1,2,3,4, Ruoqi Chen1,2,3,4, Xingchao Shentu1,2,3,4
1Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Background:
Corneal diseases are a major cause of global visual impairment, and current treatments remain inadequate for severe or refractory cases. The CRISPR/Cas system offers robust and precise gene-editing capabilities, yet its therapeutic potential for corneal disorders remains largely unexplored.
Main Text:
This narrative review introduces the CRISPR/Cas system and summarizes its recent advances in treating various corneal diseases, including inherited corneal dystrophies, infectious keratitis, corneal injury, and pathological neovascularization. We outline emerging preclinical and clinical studies, and analyze key issues that should be addressed for translation, including administration strategies, vector platform optimization and the mitigation of off-target toxicity.
Conclusions:
This review provides a comprehensive and integrated overview of the current translational directions and challenges of CRISPR/Cas technology in corneal diseases from a novel perspective. It offers valuable guidance for future research and may accelerate the development of gene-editing therapies toward clinical application.
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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups
Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.

