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Ambient Air Pollution and Risk of Brain Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Ali Fadhil Hashim1, Amirreza Karimi2, Sanaz Ghanbari3
1Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Karbala, Karbala, Iraq.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention : APJCP
|February 9, 2026
Summary
Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollutants like nitrogen dioxide (NO2) may be linked to a slightly higher risk of brain tumors. Further research is needed to confirm these findings for air pollution and brain cancer incidence.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Neuro-oncology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- The link between air pollution and brain tumors is not well-established.
- Air pollutants are known carcinogens for other cancers.
- Understanding environmental exposures' impact on neurological health is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and synthesize evidence on air pollution and brain tumor risk.
- To evaluate associations between long-term air pollutant exposure and brain tumors (gliomas, meningiomas).
Main Methods:
- Conducted a comprehensive literature search across major databases.
- Included observational studies assessing air pollution and brain tumor incidence.
- Performed random-effects meta-analyses for pollutants like PM2.5, NOx, NO2, and traffic proximity.
Main Results:
- Eight studies were included; five contributed to the meta-analysis.
- Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure showed a significant association with brain tumors (RR=1.06).
- Particulate matter (PM2.5) had a variable association (RR=1.63), while NOx and traffic proximity showed weaker links.
Conclusions:
- Suggestive evidence links long-term traffic-related air pollutant exposure to a modest increase in brain tumor risk.
- Results are not conclusive but highlight the need for more research.
- Further studies should use refined exposure assessments and analyze specific tumor subtypes.
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