[Imaging of eosinophilic pneumonia : Differential diagnosis in radiological practice]

Eosinophilic pneumonias are rare inflammatory lung diseases with heterogeneous clinical presentation and variable computer tomography (CT) patterns. Overlap with infectious, drug-induced, or neoplastic entities poses a diagnostic challenge in radiological practice.

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is the key imaging modality. Typical findings range from transient ground-glass opacities to peripheral, nonsegmental consolidations. CT allows assessment of distribution, temporal evolution, and relevant differential diagnoses.

Advanced imaging techniques currently play a minor role. Quantitative CT and artificial intelligence (AI)-based pattern analysis are under investigation but not yet implemented in routine clinical practice.

CT provides high sensitivity for detecting parenchymal abnormalities but limited specificity. Diagnostic accuracy relies on the integration of imaging findings with clinical data, laboratory results, and response to corticosteroid therapy.

CT is a well-established and indispensable tool for diagnosis and follow-up. Novel techniques remain largely experimental.

In the presence of characteristic CT patterns and compatible clinical findings, eosinophilic pneumonia should be considered early. Lack of response to corticosteroids should prompt reassessment of the diagnosis.