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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Adolescent Psychology
  • Social Sciences

Background:

  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects 5% of children and adolescents, impairing functioning.
  • ADHD is linked to lower quality of life and difficulties forming positive friendships in adolescents.
  • Understanding adolescent friendship experiences is vital for supporting well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how 15-17-year-old adolescents with ADHD perceive and experience friendships with peers.
  • To identify factors influencing the quality and dynamics of friendships in adolescents with ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with twelve adolescents diagnosed with ADHD.
  • Participants were recruited from a Swedish psychiatry clinic.
  • Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Main Results:

  • Friendships are characterized by the need for understanding, shared interests, and adaptability ("Bonding with Friends").
  • Self-perception and interpersonal behaviors significantly influence interactions within friendships ("One's own role").
  • Friendships provide both support and challenges, with relationships improving with age, self-awareness, medication, and adult support ("How Friendship Matters").

Conclusions:

  • Friendships are essential for the well-being of adolescents with ADHD, offering support for challenges.
  • Addressing impulsivity and planning needs, alongside developing social strategies, is crucial for adolescents, adults, and healthcare providers.
  • Peer support and positive friendships significantly contribute to the health and functioning of adolescents with ADHD.