Friendship matters-An interview study with adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Area of Science:

• Neurodevelopmental Disorders
• Adolescent Psychology
• Social Sciences

Background:

• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects 5% of children and adolescents, impairing functioning.
• ADHD is linked to lower quality of life and difficulties forming positive friendships in adolescents.
• Understanding adolescent friendship experiences is vital for supporting well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore how 15-17-year-old adolescents with ADHD perceive and experience friendships with peers.
• To identify factors influencing the quality and dynamics of friendships in adolescents with ADHD.

Main Methods:

• A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with twelve adolescents diagnosed with ADHD.
• Participants were recruited from a Swedish psychiatry clinic.
• Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Main Results:

• Friendships are characterized by the need for understanding, shared interests, and adaptability ("Bonding with Friends").
• Self-perception and interpersonal behaviors significantly influence interactions within friendships ("One's own role").
• Friendships provide both support and challenges, with relationships improving with age, self-awareness, medication, and adult support ("How Friendship Matters").

Conclusions:

• Friendships are essential for the well-being of adolescents with ADHD, offering support for challenges.
• Addressing impulsivity and planning needs, alongside developing social strategies, is crucial for adolescents, adults, and healthcare providers.
• Peer support and positive friendships significantly contribute to the health and functioning of adolescents with ADHD.