Ophthalmological Findings and Their Clinical Correlations in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comparative...

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Neurodevelopmental Disorders
• Pediatric Health

Background:

• Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can lead to vision problems due to central nervous system effects and examination difficulties.
• Visual impairments may worsen social and motor development in individuals with ASD.
• Previous research indicates ophthalmological issues in 27-71% of children with ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate visual impairments in children with ASD.
• To examine the relationship between visual impairments and ASD severity, anxiety, and attention disorders.
• To emphasize the importance of routine ophthalmological examinations for children with ASD.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive ophthalmological examinations were performed on 57 children (aged 7-18) diagnosed with ASD.
• Participants were assessed using standardized scales for ASD severity, behavior, anxiety, and repetitive behaviors.
• Data analysis compared visual impairment findings with behavioral and developmental assessments.

Main Results:

• Visual impairment was identified in 42.1% of participants.
• Common findings included exotropia (21%), stereopsis deficits (15.8%), and convergence insufficiency (5.3%).
• The visually impaired group exhibited significantly higher scores for attention deficit, peer relationship problems, social phobia, stereotypic behaviors, and self-injurious behaviors.

Conclusions:

• Visual impairments significantly correlate with attention deficits, peer relationship difficulties, social anxiety, and repetitive behaviors in children with ASD.
• Early detection and management of visual disorders through regular screenings are crucial.
• Addressing visual impairments may improve overall outcomes and quality of life for children with ASD.