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Related Concept Videos

Ions and Ionic Charges03:27

Ions and Ionic Charges

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In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus — which contains the protons and neutrons of each atom and thus identifies the element — remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form electrically charged particles called...
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Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

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The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...
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Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Precipitation of Ions03:11

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Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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Using a Cyclic Ion Mobility Spectrometer for Tandem Ion Mobility Experiments
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Deep-coverage single-cell metabolomics enabled by ion mobility-resolved mass cytometry.

Mingdu Luo1,2, Tianzhang Kou1,2, Yandong Yin1

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Researchers developed a new single-cell metabolomics technology with enhanced sensitivity and coverage. This breakthrough allows for deeper insights into cellular metabolism and heterogeneity, improving upon existing methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Current single-cell metabolomics methods face limitations in sensitivity, robustness, and metabolite coverage.
  • There is a need for advanced technologies to enable comprehensive metabolic profiling at the single-cell level.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel ion mobility-resolved mass cytometry technology for multidimensional single-cell metabolomic profiling.
  • To enhance sensitivity, robustness, and metabolite coverage in single-cell metabolomics.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of high-throughput single-cell injection with ion mobility-mass spectrometry.
  • Implementation of ion mobility-enabled selective ion accumulation and cell superposition-based amplification.
  • Utilized a computational tool, MetCell, for data analysis.

Main Results:

  • Achieved attomole-level sensitivity and a broad dynamic range for metabolite detection within individual cells.
  • Detected over 5,000 metabolic peaks and annotated approximately 800 metabolites per cell, a 3-fold to 10-fold improvement.
  • Successfully applied to 45,603 primary liver cells, enabling accurate cell annotation and revealing metabolic heterogeneity in aging hepatocytes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed technology sets a new benchmark for high-throughput single-cell metabolomics.
  • This platform significantly advances the understanding of metabolic heterogeneity at single-cell resolution.
  • Offers a powerful tool for biological research requiring deep metabolic insights.