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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Therapy01:25

Cognitive Therapy

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Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, is a structured approach to addressing psychological distress by focusing on the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviors. All cognitive therapies involve the basic assumption that human beings have control over their feelings, and that how individuals feel about something depends on how they think about it. Unlike psychoanalytic methods that delve into unconscious processes or humanistic approaches emphasizing...
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Beck's Cognitive Therapy01:25

Beck's Cognitive Therapy

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Cognitive therapy is a psychological approach designed to address distortions in thinking, which can lead to negative emotions and unrealistic beliefs. These cognitive distortions often influence how individuals interpret and respond to situations, exacerbating emotional distress. Below are some prevalent cognitive distortions, their characteristics, and examples of how they manifest in thought processes.
Arbitrary Inference
Arbitrary inference involves making conclusions without sufficient...
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Cognitive Dissonance01:38

Cognitive Dissonance

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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Muscles of the Anterior Neck01:26

Muscles of the Anterior Neck

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The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
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Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

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The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
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Veins of Head and Neck01:19

Veins of Head and Neck

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The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Chuzhen Therapy as a Non-Invasive Traditional Chinese Therapy for Neck Pain
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Chuzhen Therapy as a Non-Invasive Traditional Chinese Therapy for Neck Pain

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Cognitive functional therapy for persistent neck pain.

Siri Bjorland1,2, John Bjørneboe1,3, Cecilie Røe1,3

  • 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.

Pain Management
|February 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive Functional Therapy (CFT) significantly reduced persistent neck pain and disability. This 5-session program improved patient-reported outcomes, with 98% recommending the therapy.

Keywords:
Persistent neck paincognitive functional therapyemotional distressneck disability indexpain

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Therapy
  • Pain Management
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Persistent neck pain is a major contributor to disability worldwide.
  • Effective treatment strategies are needed to manage chronic neck pain and its associated limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe and evaluate the efficacy of Cognitive Functional Therapy (CFT) for patients experiencing persistent neck pain.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 74 patients with persistent neck pain received a 5-session CFT program.
  • Outcomes including pain (NRS), disability (NDI), fear-avoidance beliefs (FABQ), and psychological distress (HSCL-10) were assessed at baseline and post-treatment.

Main Results:

  • Significant reductions in neck pain during activity (mean 3.3 points) and at rest (mean 2.5 points) were observed.
  • Neck Disability Index scores decreased by 16.3 points, with substantial improvements in FABQ and HSCL-10 scores.
  • Eighty-one percent of patients completed follow-up, and 98% would recommend the CFT program.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive Functional Therapy demonstrates clinically relevant improvements in pain, disability, fear-avoidance beliefs, and emotional distress for persistent neck pain.
  • CFT offers a promising therapeutic approach for managing chronic neck pain.