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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
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Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies
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Risk Factors Associated With Placenta Previa: A Matched Case-Control Study.

Hadia Javed1, Ume Habiba1, Umm E Rubab2

  • 1Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, PAK.

Cureus
|February 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced maternal age, previous C-sections, and prior placenta previa are key risk factors for placenta previa. Early identification of these risks aids in proactive management and improved outcomes for mother and baby.

Keywords:
advanced maternal ageassisted reproductive techniquescase-control studycesarean sectiondilatation and curettageplacenta previarisk factors

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Ex Vivo Perfusion of the Rodent Placenta
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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Placenta previa, a pregnancy complication where the placenta implants in the lower uterine segment, is linked to significant maternal and perinatal risks.
  • Antepartum hemorrhage is a primary sign, and unusual for it not to occur by the third trimester.
  • Identifying risk factors is crucial for antenatal diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify specific risk factors for placenta previa within the local population.
  • To stratify antenatal patients into high-risk and lower-risk groups for placenta previa.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study conducted in Abbottabad, Pakistan, over three months.
  • Included 30 women diagnosed with placenta previa (case group) and 60 with normal placental localization (control group) via ultrasound after 32 weeks gestation.
  • Data collected via predefined proforma; qualitative data analyzed using the Chi-square test (p<0.05 significant).

Main Results:

  • Advanced maternal age (>30 years) showed significantly higher odds (OR 3.92).
  • Previous Cesarean section (OR 6.00), dilatation and curettage (OR 5.20), and assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) (OR 3.80) were also significant risk factors.
  • A history of placenta previa was the strongest predictor of recurrence (OR 11.0).

Conclusions:

  • Key risk factors identified include advanced maternal age, previous Cesarean section, dilatation and curettage, ARTs, and prior placenta previa.
  • Early identification of these factors enables clinicians to monitor high-risk women proactively.
  • Individualized risk assessment and management are vital for improving maternal and fetal outcomes in placenta previa cases.