Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 12, 2026
05:52
Author Spotlight: Treating Frozen Shoulder with Small Needle Knife Therapy
Published on: November 17, 2023
2.3K
Outcomes of Clinico-radiologically Predetermined Patient-specific Multi-site Steroid Injection in Primary Frozen
Ayyappan V Nair1, Maythilisharan Rambhojun1, M S Bharath Bharadhwaj1
1Department of Orthopaedics, Manipal Whitefield Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports
|February 11, 2026
Summary
Patient-specific steroid injections combined with physiotherapy significantly improve frozen shoulder (FS) symptoms. This treatment enhances range of motion and reduces pain, offering an effective non-surgical option for FS management.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Sports Medicine
- Physical Therapy
Background:
- Frozen shoulder (FS) presents with pain and restricted motion, necessitating effective non-surgical treatments.
- Current non-surgical options for FS lack clear superiority due to varied study designs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of patient-specific, multi-site steroid injections combined with a standardized physiotherapy protocol for managing FS.
Main Methods:
- A prospective study involving 94 primary FS patients.
- Ultrasound and X-ray confirmed diagnoses.
- Intra-articular and multi-site betamethasone injections followed by an 8-week physiotherapy protocol.
- Assessment using ROM, VAS, ASES, and SPADI scores at multiple time points.
Main Results:
- Significant improvements in abduction (124° to 173°), forward flexion (123° to 174°), and external rotation (26° to 55°).
- Mean ASES score improved from 28.8 to 92.5, and VAS decreased from 6.7 to 0.4.
- Internal rotation improved by 4 vertebral levels.
Conclusions:
- Patient-specific multi-site steroid infiltration is an effective treatment for FS.
- This approach significantly reduces pain and enhances range of motion and clinical outcomes.
- The combined therapy offers a promising non-surgical management strategy for frozen shoulder.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Muscles of the Shoulder
9.3K
The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
9.3K
01:30Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT
1.2K
Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and...
1.2K
02:24Predicting Reaction Outcomes
11.0K
Kinetics describes the rate and path by which a reaction occurs. In contrast, thermodynamics deals with state functions and describes the properties, behavior, and components of a system. It is not concerned with the path taken by the process and cannot address the rate at which a reaction occurs. Although it does provide information about what can happen during a reaction process, it does not describe the detailed steps of what appears on an atomic or a molecular level. On the other hand,...
11.0K
01:13Outcomes of Glycolysis
107.7K
Nearly all the energy used by cells comes from the bonds that make up complex organic compounds. These organic compounds are broken down into simpler molecules, such as glucose. As a result, cells extract energy from glucose over many chemical reactions—a process called cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration can occur aerobically (with oxygen) or anaerobically (without oxygen). In the presence of oxygen, cellular respiration starts with glycolysis and continues with pyruvate...
Cellular respiration can occur aerobically (with oxygen) or anaerobically (without oxygen). In the presence of oxygen, cellular respiration starts with glycolysis and continues with pyruvate...
107.7K
01:11Guidelines for Writing Outcome
4.0K
When developing expected outcomes for a patient care plan, the nurse should adhere to the following recommendations:
Patient outcomes reflect the patient's response to the goal rather than what the nurse aims to achieve. Terminology should be observable and measurable to avoid the reader's interpretation. The desired outcome should be realistic and achievable in the designated care timeframe. Expected outcomes should align with adjunctive therapies. The outcome should enhance care...
Patient outcomes reflect the patient's response to the goal rather than what the nurse aims to achieve. Terminology should be observable and measurable to avoid the reader's interpretation. The desired outcome should be realistic and achievable in the designated care timeframe. Expected outcomes should align with adjunctive therapies. The outcome should enhance care...
4.0K
01:15Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients
162
Bioavailability studies are essential for evaluating a drug's therapeutic efficacy and understanding its absorption patterns under various physiological conditions. Conducting such studies on target patient populations provides more relevant data by simulating real-world disease states. However, practical challenges often necessitate the use of young, healthy adult volunteers as study subjects.Patients may exhibit altered drug absorption patterns due to the effects of the disease itself,...
162