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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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A spontaneous process is one that occurs naturally under certain conditions. A nonspontaneous process, on the other hand, will not take place unless it is “driven” by the continual input of energy from an external source. Processes have a natural tendency to occur in one direction under a given set of conditions. Water will naturally flow downhill (spontaneous process), but uphill flow (nonspontaneous process) requires outside intervention such as the use of a pump. Iron exposed to...
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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment
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Translingual Language Markers for Cognitive Assessment from Spontaneous Speech.

Bao Hoang1, Yijiang Pang1, Hiroko Dodge2

  • 1Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, USA.

Interspeech
|February 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study shows that using language markers from both English and Chinese speech can help detect Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and predict cognitive scores. Translingual markers improve early MCI identification from spontaneous speech.

Keywords:
Computational ParalinguisticsMild Cognitive Impairment DetectionTranslingual Language Markers

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Area of Science:

  • Computational linguistics
  • Neuroscience
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a precursor to dementia, necessitating early detection for intervention.
  • Current detection methods can be invasive or costly.
  • Language markers in spontaneous speech offer a non-intrusive, accessible approach for MCI identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of bilingual language markers from spontaneous speech for MCI detection.
  • To predict Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) scores using these language markers.
  • To develop a robust framework for MCI identification and cognitive assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Extracted bilingual acoustic, semantic, and syntactic features from spontaneous speech.
  • Employed a framework addressing model complexity for small sample sizes and imbalanced demographics.
  • Utilized a multi-task learning approach, incorporating clinical classification prediction as a prior for MMSE score prediction.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an average Balanced Accuracy of 78.2% for MCI detection.
  • Obtained an average Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 2.705 for MMSE score prediction.
  • Demonstrated that translingual language markers enhance MCI detection from spontaneous speech.

Conclusions:

  • Bilingual language markers derived from spontaneous speech are effective for identifying MCI.
  • This approach shows promise for early and accessible detection of cognitive decline.
  • The developed framework offers a valuable tool for clinical research and potential diagnostic support.