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Longitudinal Genome-Wide Association Study for Female Fertility Traits in German Holstein Cattle
S Sakhaeifar1, T Yin2, S König1
1Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany.
Animal Genetics
|February 11, 2026
Summary
This study identified five candidate genes influencing dairy cow fertility over time using a longitudinal genome-wide association study (GWAS). These findings enhance our understanding of genetic mechanisms affecting female fertility in cattle.
Area of Science:
- Animal Genetics
- Reproductive Biology
- Genomic Epidemiology
Background:
- Female fertility is crucial for dairy production efficiency.
- Understanding the genetic basis of fertility over time is essential for genetic improvement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effects on female fertility traits in dairy cattle across lactations.
- To detect candidate genes associated with fertility and analyze their biological pathways.
- To explore the dynamic genetic regulation of fertility over time.
Main Methods:
- A longitudinal genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on 190,269 Holstein cows and heifers.
- A two-step approach involved estimating (co)variance components using random regression models and then performing GWAS.
- Analysis focused on non-return rate after 56 days (NRR56), calving to first service interval (CTFS), and days open (DO) up to parity six.
Main Results:
- Five candidate genes (TMEM132C, IMPG1, DCHS2, CSMD1, CSNK1A1) were identified for NRR56, CTFS, and DO.
- These genes are involved in biological pathways related to physiological fertility mechanisms.
- The study revealed dynamic genetic mechanisms influencing female fertility traits over progressing time.
Conclusions:
- Longitudinal GWAS effectively illustrates the dynamic genetic regulation of female fertility in dairy cattle.
- The identified candidate genes provide targets for improving fertility through genetic selection.
- This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the genetic architecture of reproductive performance in livestock.
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