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Cohesion01:07

Cohesion

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Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar molecule. An oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge that can bind to a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge in a second water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's cohesive nature.
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The stability and compatibility of column material with samples are crucial for efficient purification in chromatographic techniques. Various operating parameters such as pH, temperature, or solvent affect the packing of the column material, thereby determining the purification efficiency. The choice of column material also plays an essential role in deciding the operating parameters and can be modified based on the proteins that need to be purified.
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The chromatography technique was first invented in 1901 by Michael S. Tswett, a Russian botanist, to separate plant pigments using organic solvents. Further, in 1941, Archer John Porter Martin and R. L. M. Synge modified the technique by packing silica gel into a column. A mixture of amino acids was then separated on the packed column using chloroform and water mixture as the mobile phase. This was the first report on column chromatography. At present, column chromatography is a widely used...
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Dipolar cohesion in densely packed confined columns.

Yanyu Duan1, Zecheng Gan1,2, Hervé Mohrbach3

  • 1Thrust of Advanced Materials, and Guangzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Materials Informatics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511453, China.

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Summary

We studied magnetic spheres in cylinders. Their cohesion changes nonmonotonically with cylinder size due to competing forces, impacting soft matter experiments.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Densely packed magnetic spheres form columnar assemblies.
  • External magnetic fields align dipole moments.
  • Confinement effects in cylinders are crucial for assembly behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the dipolar cohesion of magnetic spheres in cylinders.
  • Analyze the dependence of cohesive energy on cylinder diameter.
  • Understand the transition between zigzag and helical structures.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical investigation using exact geometrical solutions.
  • Application of dipolar lattice sums.
  • Analysis of cohesive energy as a function of cylinder diameter.

Main Results:

  • Nonmonotonic cohesion in the zigzag regime due to competing radial and longitudinal pressures.
  • Stabilization of dense zigzag structures driven by interchain correlations.
  • Bell-shaped cohesive energy evolution and zigzag-helical quasi-degeneracy in the helical regime.

Conclusions:

  • Cohesive energy is sensitive to cylinder diameter, influencing assembly morphology.
  • Competing pressures dictate stability in confined magnetic assemblies.
  • Results are relevant for field-responsive magnetic colloids and granular media.