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Probing Surface Electrochemical Activity of Nanomaterials using a Hybrid Atomic Force Microscope-Scanning Electrochemical Microscope AFM-SECM

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Compressing Few-Cycle Optical Near Fields in the Tip-Sample Junction of a Scanning Probe Microscope.

Tom Jehle¹, Sam S Nochowitz¹, Juanmei Duan¹

¹Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.

|February 11, 2026

Summary

Researchers measured the temporal dynamics of light confined in plasmonic nanogaps. Spatial confinement of light pulses significantly reduced their duration, enabling new studies in nano-optics.

Keywords:

Ultrafast scattering-type near-field spectroscopy few-cycle optical fields plasmonic nanogaps spectral interferometry ultrafast near-field dynamics

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Area of Science:

Nano-optics
Plasmonics
Ultrafast spectroscopy

Background:

Plasmonic nanogaps spatially confine light to nanoscale dimensions.
Enhanced local electromagnetic fields are crucial for nano-optic applications.
The temporal dynamics of nanoconfined fields, especially in the visible spectrum, remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To measure the amplitude and phase of visible to near-infrared light pulses scattered from plasmonic nanogaps.
To investigate the temporal dynamics of light confined within nanogaps with subcycle precision.
To understand the relationship between spatial light confinement and pulse duration reduction.

Main Methods:

Scattering of visible to near-infrared light pulses from a gold tip-metal surface nanogap.
Measurement of scattered light's amplitude and phase.
Retrieval of the electric field's time structure with subcycle precision.

Main Results:

Demonstrated subcycle precision in retrieving the time structure of the electric field.
Provided evidence for complex-valued local near-field enhancement.
Showed that spatial confinement in nanogaps reduces the pulse duration of few-cycle pulses.

Conclusions:

Spatial confinement of light in plasmonic nanogaps leads to significant pulse duration reduction.
The study reveals complex-valued near-field enhancement.
These findings enable probing electric field dynamics of quantum emitters in nanogaps.