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An In-Field Evaluation of Forearm Muscle Activity During a Manual Weld Task While Using a Soft Hand Exoskeleton.

Daniel Cousins1, Ryan Porto2, Michael Holmes1

  • 1Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.

IISE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors
|February 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The IronHand® exoskeleton showed minimal benefit for muscle activity during welding. Individual responses to exoskeletons vary, and hand-focused devices may be less effective than those targeting the shoulder or back.

Keywords:
ExoskeletonHandManufacturing

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational health and safety
  • Biomechanics
  • Ergonomics

Background:

  • Exoskeletons are increasingly explored for reducing physical strain in occupational settings.
  • Welding tasks involve significant muscle exertion, making them a target for ergonomic interventions.
  • Previous research suggests varying effectiveness of exoskeletons based on device placement and task type.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of the IronHand® exoskeleton in reducing muscle activity during a welding task.
  • To assess the impact of the exoskeleton on task acceptability and participant experience.
  • To explore the influence of individual variability on exoskeleton intervention outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Muscle activity was measured during a welding task with and without the IronHand® exoskeleton.
  • Task acceptability was assessed using the Assessment of Post-Discomfort Factors (APDFs).
  • Participant feedback on benefits and experience was collected.

Main Results:

  • The IronHand® resulted in minor, if any, reductions in muscle activity during the welding task.
  • The task remained acceptable with or without the exoskeleton.
  • Significant individual differences were observed in participant benefits and experiences.

Conclusions:

  • The IronHand® exoskeleton provided limited benefits for muscle activity reduction in this welding application.
  • Hand-targeting exoskeletons may be less effective than those designed for the shoulder or back.
  • Further research is needed on force distribution in the hand for optimizing exoskeleton design and application.