Impact of dual sensory impairment on dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Hearing and vision loss are considered independent modifiable risk factors for dementia; however, the impact of their dual impairment is not clear and is crucial for preventive strategies. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis until July 23, 2024, to assess the association of dual sensory impairment (DSI) and dementia. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed through subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) for DSI were calculated. We included 11 studies. DSI was associated with a 52% increased hazard of developing all-cause dementia. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia subtypes showed larger HRs. Heterogeneity was only high for AD. Meta-regressions showed non-significant associations. Overall PAF for DSI was 2.77%. DSI significantly increases the risk of dementia among adults. Comprehensive sensory assessments and interventions targeting both hearing and vision impairments are essential for effective dementia prevention strategies.

Dual sensory impairment (hearing and vision) increases dementia risk by 52%.Population attributable fraction of dual sensory impairment for dementia is 2.77%.Sensory assessments are crucial for dementia prevention strategies.