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Probiotics for pediatric atopic dermatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Muhammad Imran Arif1, Qianqian Dai1, Liang Ru1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Global
|February 12, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Probiotics may improve quality of life for children with atopic dermatitis (eczema) but do not significantly improve clinical outcomes in the short term. Long-term effectiveness remains uncertain due to limited data.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dermatology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition in children.
  • Gut microbiota modulation via probiotics may influence eczema severity.
  • Existing clinical trial data on probiotics for childhood atopic dermatitis is inconclusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of probiotics versus placebo in children and adolescents diagnosed with eczema or atopic dermatitis.
  • To evaluate the impact of probiotics on disease severity and quality of life.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials.
  • Searches conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library up to March 2025.
  • SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) was the primary efficacy measure; statistical analysis used standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Main Results:

  • Probiotics showed a statistically significant decrease in SCORAD after two months of treatment (SMD, -0.20 [95% CI, -0.36 to -0.03]; P = .02).
  • Overall analysis indicated a significant reduction in SCORAD values with probiotics (SMD, -0.13 [95% CI, -0.26 to -0.01]; P = .04).
  • Qualitative analysis suggested probiotics improve quality of life and clinical outcomes compared to placebo.

Conclusions:

  • Probiotics may offer short-term improvements in patient-reported quality of life for atopic dermatitis.
  • Clinical and anatomical outcomes did not show significant improvement with probiotics in the short term.
  • The long-term clinical value of probiotics for atopic dermatitis is difficult to ascertain due to considerable SCORAD variability and a lack of long-term follow-up data.
Abstract

Keywords:
AdolescentsSCORADatopic dermatitischildrenmeta-analysisprobiotics

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