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Prognostic impact of PM2.5 and components across multiple exposure windows in diffuse large B cell lymphoma

Ziyuan Shen1, Feng Zhang2, Yujin Zeng3

  • 1Clinical Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China.

Iscience
|February 12, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Exposure to organic matter (OM) and sulfate (SO4 2-) air pollutants over 1-5 years is linked to worse outcomes for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The impact of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its components on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) prognosis is not well understood.
  • Understanding these associations is crucial for public health and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prognostic impact of exposure to PM2.5 and its chemical components (SO4 2-, NO3 -, NH4 +, OM, BC) on DLBCL patients.
  • To examine exposure effects across multiple time windows (1, 3, 5, and 10 years) prior to diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study including 1,154 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients from seven medical centers.
  • Estimation of individual exposure to PM2.5 and five components across four distinct time windows.
  • Statistical analysis using hazard ratios (HR) and confidence intervals (CI) to assess prognostic impact.

Main Results:

  • Organic matter (OM) averaged over 1 and 5 years, and sulfate (SO4 2-) averaged over 3 years, were significantly associated with worse DLBCL prognosis (e.g., OM 1-year HR=1.319).
  • Dose-response relationships were observed between pollutant exposure quartiles and adverse outcomes.
  • A combined mixture of five PM2.5 components averaged over 3 years also indicated an adverse prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term exposure to specific PM2.5 components, particularly OM and SO4 2-, may negatively impact DLBCL patient prognosis.
  • The study highlights potential environmental risk factors influencing lymphoma outcomes.
  • Causal inference is limited due to the observational design, necessitating further validation.
Keywords:
health sciences

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