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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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Avoidance-avoidance conflict refers to a psychological situation where a person must choose between two or more unpleasant alternatives. These conflicts are particularly stressful because neither option is desirable. This dilemma is often expressed in sayings like "caught between a rock and a hard place" or "between the devil and the deep blue sea." For instance, individuals who fear dental procedures may find themselves torn between enduring a painful toothache or facing the...
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Isolation of Double Negative &#945;&#946; T Cells from the Kidney
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Double Jeopardy!

Mala Mahto1, Rajiv Ranjan Sinha2, Debamita Datta1

  • 1Biochemistry Department, AIIMS Patna, Patna, Bihar India.

Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry : IJCB
|February 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study discusses rare cases of anti-GBM and anti-MPO antibodies, known as "double positive" RPGN. Early detection via clinical biochemistry and LIA techniques is crucial for better patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Clinical Biochemistry
  • Immunology
Keywords:
ANCAAnti GBMAnti-MPODouble positivesELISAIIFTLIAVasculitis

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Background:

  • Co-presentation of anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) antibodies is a rare clinical finding.
  • This "double positive" state can manifest as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN), often with severe renal and alveolar bleeding complications, posing a medical emergency.
  • Current diagnostic approaches involve serological tests and kidney biopsy for histopathological confirmation.