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Updated: May 5, 2026

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
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The Gut-Heart Axis: A Comprehensive Review of Microbiota's Role in Cardiovascular Health and Disease and Emerging

Maneeth Mylavarapu1,2, Angad Tiwari3, Harshaman Kaur4

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Endeavor Health Cardiovascular Institute, Glenview, Illinois, USA.

Cardiology Research and Practice
|February 12, 2026
PubMed

Keywords:
dysbiosisendotoxemiafecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)gut microbiotagut–heart axisnext-generation probiotics (NGPs)short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)

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