Stochastic thermodynamics for biological functions

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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy of Extracellular Vesicles in Three Dimensions
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Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy of Extracellular Vesicles in Three Dimensions

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Yuansheng Cao1, Shiling Liang2

  • 1Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing China.

Quantitative Biology (Beijing, China)
|February 12, 2026
PubMed

Keywords:
biological functionsphysical constraintsstochastic thermodynamics

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