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Increased Arrhythmia Risk in Long COVID: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Amir Reza Boskabadi1, Hoorak Poorzand2, Ali Vaezi3

  • 1Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Science Mashhad Iran.

Journal of Arrhythmia
|February 12, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Long COVID increases the risk of cardiac arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias, even in previously asymptomatic individuals. This long-term cardiovascular risk highlights the importance of monitoring heart health after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) can lead to persistent symptoms known as long COVID.
  • Cardiovascular complications are a significant concern in long COVID, affecting even asymptomatic patients.
  • The long-term cardiac impact of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) infection requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the long-term risk of developing cardiac arrhythmias following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To analyze the association between COVID-19 recovery and subsequent cardiac arrhythmia development.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across major scientific databases (Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science).
  • Cohort studies comparing individuals recovered from COVID-19 (≥30 days) with a healthy control group were included.
  • Meta-analysis using random-effect models estimated Hazard Ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for arrhythmia risk.

Main Results:

  • Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis.
  • A significantly higher overall risk of cardiac arrhythmias was observed in patients with long COVID (HR: 1.74, 95% CI [1.39, 2.10]).
  • Specific arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation, sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, and ventricular arrhythmias, showed increased risks. Higher initial infection severity correlated with greater arrhythmia risk.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term cardiac arrhythmia risk is elevated following COVID-19 infection.
  • The findings underscore the persistent cardiovascular sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Further research and clinical monitoring are warranted for post-COVID-19 cardiovascular health.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID‐19Long COVIDarrhythmiaspost‐acute COVID‐19 syndromesystematic review

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