Social support and associated factors among diabetic patients in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Social support refers to the psychosocial resources available through interpersonal contacts and social networks, which help reduce complications and improve quality of life. It also decreases absenteeism from medical appointments, supports lifestyle changes, and plays a key role in self-management. Evidence on social support among diabetic patients in Ethiopia is limited; therefore, this study aimed to assess its level and associated factors.

This study assessed the level of social support and associated factors among diabetic patients.

This was an institution-based cross-sectional study design.

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted, and data were collected from 386 diabetic patients using a systematic random sampling technique. The validated Oslo Social Support Scale was applied to measure the level of social support. The study was conducted March 20 to April 20, 2023 GC. Bivariate and multivariate ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with social support. Statistical significance was set at a P-value <0.05.

This study found that 24.35% (95% CI: 19.9%-27.9%) of the participants had a strong level of social support, and 45.34% (95% CI: 40.5%-50.32%) moderate social support. In multivariable ordinal logistic regression, age, gender, residence, marital status, occupation, and the presence of health insurance were found to be significant predictors of the level of social support.

Nearly half of the participants reported a moderate level of social support, while about one-fourth had strong social support. Sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, residence, marital status, occupation, and health insurance status significantly influenced the level of social support. Healthcare providers should incorporate social support assessment into routine care to assist individuals with low support. In addition, regional health offices should implement strategies to strengthen social support. Future research should include qualitative and longitudinal studies to better understand patients' lived experiences and changes in social support over time.