Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

15.2K
Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
15.2K
cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways01:25

cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways

8.6K
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...
8.6K
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

3.2K
In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
3.2K
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

10.2K
In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
10.2K
Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

11.0K
Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
11.0K
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

132.4K
Overview
132.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A DNA damage-activated kinase phosphorylates a transcriptional repressor to control bacterial immune pathway expression.

The EMBO journal·2026
Same author

The molecular architecture of tunneling nanotubes.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Molecular mechanism of a single stranded DNA-stimulated bacterial immune peptidase.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Phosphorylation remodels the mitotic centrosome matrix to generate bipartite γ-tubulin complex docking sites.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Antibiotic resistant Achromobacter xylosoxidans are highly susceptible to bacteriophages and often are killed synergistically by phage/antibiotic combinations.

Research square·2026
Same author

A chromatin-associated pool of Aurora A controls kinetochore-microtubule attachments to ensure chromosome biorientation.

Science advances·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
09:32

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development

Published on: June 15, 2017

9.2K

A DNA damage-activated kinase controls bacterial immune pathway expression.

Lydia R Chambers1, Phoolwanti Rani2,3, Ryan K Min2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093 USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|February 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Bacteria use CapK and CapS proteins to regulate immune pathways in response to DNA damage. This kinase-substrate pair controls gene expression and is integrated into anti-phage systems, demonstrating pathway modularity.

More Related Videos

Assaying Protein Kinase Activity with Radiolabeled ATP
08:05

Assaying Protein Kinase Activity with Radiolabeled ATP

Published on: May 26, 2017

19.4K
Immunofluorescence Imaging of DNA Damage and Repair Foci in Human Colon Cancer Cells
05:18

Immunofluorescence Imaging of DNA Damage and Repair Foci in Human Colon Cancer Cells

Published on: June 9, 2020

11.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
09:32

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development

Published on: June 15, 2017

9.2K
Assaying Protein Kinase Activity with Radiolabeled ATP
08:05

Assaying Protein Kinase Activity with Radiolabeled ATP

Published on: May 26, 2017

19.4K
Immunofluorescence Imaging of DNA Damage and Repair Foci in Human Colon Cancer Cells
05:18

Immunofluorescence Imaging of DNA Damage and Repair Foci in Human Colon Cancer Cells

Published on: June 9, 2020

11.8K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bacterial Genetics

Background:

  • Bacteria possess diverse stress-response pathways crucial for host defense.
  • Regulation of anti-phage immune pathways, particularly those involving host cell killing, remains a key research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize proteins regulating bacterial immune operons in response to DNA damage.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which these proteins control gene expression and their role in stress response.

Main Methods:

  • Protein characterization (CapK and CapS) and their genetic loci.
  • Biochemical assays to determine kinase activity and DNA-binding properties.
  • Analysis of gene expression regulation and integration into toxin-antitoxin systems.

Main Results:

  • Identified CapK (kinase) and CapS (DNA-binding repressor) proteins regulating immune operons.
  • Phosphorylation of CapS by CapK leads to de-repression of transcription, activated by single-stranded DNA.
  • Demonstrated co-option of CapK/CapS into an anti-phage toxin-antitoxin system, linking DNA damage to VapC nuclease activation.

Conclusions:

  • A kinase-substrate pair (CapK-CapS) regulates adjacent operons in response to DNA damage.
  • Revealed the modular nature of bacterial immune and stress-response pathways, adaptable for different cellular threats.