Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synaptic Signaling01:12

Synaptic Signaling

79.8K
Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
79.8K
Synaptic Signaling01:09

Synaptic Signaling

6.7K
Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
6.7K
Location and Orientation of the Heart01:13

Location and Orientation of the Heart

10.8K
The human heart, despite its modest size and weight, is an organ of remarkable strength and endurance. Roughly the size of a fist, the heart weighs between 250 and 350 grams and is nestled within the mediastinum, the medial cavity of the thorax. It extends obliquely for about 12 to 14 cm, resting on the superior surface of the diaphragm. The heart is positioned anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the sternum, with two-thirds of its mass lying to the left of the midsternal line.
10.8K
Methods of Documentation I: Source-Oriented Records01:18

Methods of Documentation I: Source-Oriented Records

1.7K
Source-oriented records, or SOR, are medical record-keeping organized by the data source. The SOR system was first developed in the mid-1900s to organize the growing patient data in hospitals and other healthcare facilities.
In an SOR, each discipline involved in patient care maintains a separate medical record section. This record-keeping method enables easy tracking of patient progress and ensures healthcare staff have access to up-to-date information.
Key Attributes include the following:
1.7K
Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

4.2K
Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
4.2K
Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups01:09

Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups

6.0K
Substituents on the benzene ring that direct an incoming electrophile to undergo substitution at the meta position are called meta directors. All meta directors either have a positive charge on the atom directly bonded to the ring or a partial positive charge. These groups function by withdrawing electrons from the ring through inductive and resonance effects. Consider the carbocation intermediates formed upon the addition of an electrophile on nitrobenzene at the...
6.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Connectomic evidence that ordered activity drives neuromuscular network formation.

Nature neuroscience·2026
Same author

Impact of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation-Induced Electric Fields on Slowing Cognitive Decline in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Remitted Major Depressive Disorder: An Analysis of the PACt-MD Randomized Clinical Trial.

Biological psychiatry·2026
Same author

How do the incomes of Israeli Arab physicians compare with those of Israeli Jewish physicians?

Israel journal of health policy research·2026
Same author

Global prevalence and disability burden of brain disorders: Impact of neurological, mental, and substance use disorders.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same author

Waveform-Conversion to Salvage Failed Spinal Cord Stimulation: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence.

Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society·2026
Same author

Spontaneous cortical vasodynamics form a multiscale propagation architecture in the awake brain.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Layered social competition coordinates reproductive hierarchy formation in ants.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Combination epigenetic-targeted therapy increases the immunogenicity of poorly immunogenic sarcomas.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Loss of LanC-like proteins delays post-injury regeneration of aging skeletal muscles.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Integrative Transfer Network: Deep Transfer Learning Across Populations and Prediction Targets.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Confidence-supported label-free metabolic imaging with FPhaS phase autofluorescence microscopy.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Sequence-encoded autoinhibition couples mRNA decapping activity to phase separation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Studying Synaptic Vesicle Pools using Photoconversion of Styryl Dyes
08:46

Studying Synaptic Vesicle Pools using Photoconversion of Styryl Dyes

Published on: February 15, 2010

12.2K

Are Synaptic Clefts Directionally Oriented?

Dexuan Tang, Zhi-De Deng, Bethanny Danskin

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |February 12, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Synaptic clefts in the brain are not randomly oriented but show directional biases. This previously unrecognized mesoscale anisotropy impacts cortical organization and connectivity across species.

    More Related Videos

    Changing the Direction and Orientation of Electric Field During Electric Pulses Application Improves Plasmid Gene Transfer in vitro
    04:46

    Changing the Direction and Orientation of Electric Field During Electric Pulses Application Improves Plasmid Gene Transfer in vitro

    Published on: September 12, 2011

    10.8K
    Automated Quantification of Synaptic Fluorescence in C. elegans
    12:22

    Automated Quantification of Synaptic Fluorescence in C. elegans

    Published on: August 10, 2012

    10.8K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Feb 13, 2026

    Studying Synaptic Vesicle Pools using Photoconversion of Styryl Dyes
    08:46

    Studying Synaptic Vesicle Pools using Photoconversion of Styryl Dyes

    Published on: February 15, 2010

    12.2K
    Changing the Direction and Orientation of Electric Field During Electric Pulses Application Improves Plasmid Gene Transfer in vitro
    04:46

    Changing the Direction and Orientation of Electric Field During Electric Pulses Application Improves Plasmid Gene Transfer in vitro

    Published on: September 12, 2011

    10.8K
    Automated Quantification of Synaptic Fluorescence in C. elegans
    12:22

    Automated Quantification of Synaptic Fluorescence in C. elegans

    Published on: August 10, 2012

    10.8K

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Computational Neuroscience
    • Connectomics

    Background:

    • Synapses are key components of cortical circuits.
    • Their geometry is traditionally viewed as a local, isotropic property.
    • The assumption of random synaptic cleft orientation is widespread.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the spatial orientation of synaptic clefts.
    • To determine if synaptic geometry exhibits mesoscale architectural properties.
    • To test the prevailing assumption of isotropic synaptic cleft orientation.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of approximately 117 million synaptic clefts.
    • Utilized two large-scale electron microscopy datasets (human H01 and mouse MICrONS).
    • Statistical analysis of orientation distributions across cortical layers.

    Main Results:

    • Synaptic cleft orientations are not random but exhibit statistically significant directional biases.
    • These biases are spatially coherent across cortical layers.
    • Mesoscale anisotropy is conserved across species (human and mouse), but stronger in human association cortex.

    Conclusions:

    • Synaptic geometry possesses a mesoscale anisotropy, challenging the isotropic assumption.
    • This anisotropy represents an unrecognized dimension of cortical microarchitecture.
    • Synaptic geometry likely influences circuit organization, mesoscale connectivity, and neural interactions with electric fields.