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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Solar-Driven Electrochemical Green Fuel Production from CO2 and Water Using Ti3C2Tx MXene-Supported CuZn and NiCo Catalysts
Published on: November 7, 2025
MXene-derived Ti3C2-TiO2/BiOCl heterojunctions with enhanced visible-light photocatalysis and electrochemical
Maria Murtaza1, Shamaila Sajjad1, Tahira Bano1
1Center for Interdisciplinary Research of Basic Science, International Islamic University, H-10 Islamabad, Pakistan. shalisajjad@yahoo.com.
Abstract:
Environmental pollution, particularly from persistent organic contaminants like phenol, and increasing demand for efficient energy storage materials are urgent global challenges. To address these challenges, Ti3C2-TiO2/BiOCl heterojunction was engineered for photocatalytic degradation and energy storage. The combination of Ti3C2-TiO2. and BiOCl enhanced charge separation capacity and increased absorption in the visible region, which is evidenced by XRD, SEM, and UV-vis with a narrowing in the bandgap (2.82 eV to 3.01 eV). DFT analysis confirmed the metallic conductivity in Ti3C2/TiO2 while incorporation of BiOCl induced interfacial narrowing of the bandgap by ∼0.23 eV, introducing semiconducting behavior. Raman analysis confirmed robust interfacial coupling with distinct peaks exhibiting improved structural integrity, and PL spectra demonstrated significant suppression of the charge carrier recombination rate with optimal charge carrier dynamics. Surface chemical states and interfacial band electronic interactions in the heterojunction system are supported by XPS. The 4 wt% Ti3C2-TiO2/BiOCl exhibited photocatalytic degradation with 96% phenol under visible-light irradiation due to optimal electron-hole separation. Electrochemical studies confirmed a high specific capacity of 609 C g-1 with current density at 1 mV s-1 with robust cycles promoting exceptional energy storage capability. The outcomes emphasize the potential of Ti3C2-TiO2/BiOCl as a promising material for environmental remediation and high-efficiency energy storage.
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